WASTE

IPA Lesson

WASTE

Waste is waste generated from the production process of both industrial and domestic (household). Where people live, that's where various types of waste will be generated. There is trash, no water toilet (black water), and there is waste water from a variety of other domestic activities (gray water). [1]
Solid waste better known as junk, which is often undesirable because its presence has no economic value. When reviewed in chemical, waste consists of organic chemical compounds and inorganic compounds. With concentration and a certain quantity, the presence of waste can have a negative impact on the environment, especially to human health, so we need to waste handling. Level of danger posed by the waste poisoning depend on the type and characteristics of the waste.

Waste treatment
Several factors affect the quality of the volume of waste is waste, pollutant content, and frequency of waste disposal. To address this waste processing and waste handling required. Basically, this waste can be distinguished:

1. processing according to the level of treatment
2. processing according to the characteristics of the waste
To address the waste and water runoff (rain), then a residential area requires different types of sanitation services. Sanitation services can not always be interpreted as a form of services provided by other parties. There are also sanitation services to be provided by the community, especially the owner or occupant of the house, such as latrines. [1]
1. Domestic wastewater service: service to handle waste water sanitation latrines. [1]
2. Proper latrines should have access to sufficient water besrsih and air handling units connected to the proper latrines. If there is no private toilet, then the public needs to have access to a shared latrine or toilet. [1]
3. Garbage service. This service begins with pewadahan trash and garbage collection. The collection is done by using a cart or a garbage truck. Services must also be equipped with a garbage disposal while (TPS), landfills (landfill), or other waste treatment facilities. In some residential areas, services to address the waste developed collectively by the community. Some are more collective efforts to include composting and collection efforts worthy of recycled materials. [1]
4. Service is handling the drainage of rainwater runoff using drainage channels (ditches) that will hold the runoff water and running it into the receiving water bodies. Drainage channel dimensions should be large enough to accommodate rainwater runoff from the area it serves. Drainage must have adequate slope and free from litter. [1]
5. The provision of clean water should be available in a sustainable settlement in sufficient quantities. Clean water is not only to meet the needs of eating, drinking, bathing, and toilet facilities only, but also for washing and cleaning the environment. [1]
Characteristics of waste
1. Micro-sized
2. Dynamic
3. High impact (spread)
4. Long-term impact (across generations)

Industrial waste
Based on the characteristics of industrial waste can be divided into four sections, namely:
1. Liquid waste is commonly known as a water pollutant entity. Components of water pollution consists mainly of solid waste materials, organic waste material and inorganic waste material
2. Solid Waste
3. Waste gases and particles

                                                                                          
Process Air Pollution All chemical species are included or entry into the atmosphere of a "clean" called contaminants. Contaminants at concentrations high enough to cause a negative effect on the receiver (receptor), when this happens, the contaminant known contaminant (pollutant). Contamination of air diklasifihasikan into 2 categories according to how contaminants into or added to the atmosphere are: contamination of primary and secondary contamination. Contamination is the primary contaminant emitted directly from the source of contamination. Secondary contaminants are contaminants that are formed by chemical processes in the atmosphere.
Sources of contamination from human activity (anthropogenic) is any motor vehicle, facility, plant, installation or activity that emits primary air contaminants to the atmosphere. There are 2 categories of anthropogenic sources, namely: fixed sources (stationery source) such as: electricity generation with fossil fuels, factories, households, services, etc. and other (mobile source) such as trucks, buses, airplanes, and train.

Five primary contaminant in total contributed over 90% of global air pollution are:
a. Carbon monoxide (CO),
b. Nitrogen oxides (NOx),
c. Hydrocarbons (HC),
d. Sulfur oxides (SOx)
e. Particulates.

In addition there is a primary contaminant secondary contamination is contamination that secondary impacts on environmental components or contaminants emitted from the primary contaminant transformation into a different form of contamination. There are several secondary contamination that can lead to significant impacts both locally, regionally and globally, namely:
a. CO2 (carbon monoxide),
b. Contamination smog (smoke fog) or smog (smoke fog),
c. Acid rain,
d. CFC (Chloro-Fluoro-Carbon/Freon),
e. CH4 (methane).

B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials)
In general, the so-called waste is waste material resulting from the activities and production processes, both at household, industrial, mining, and so on. Forms can be a waste of gas and dust, liquid or solid. Among the various types of waste that are no toxic or hazardous and is recognized as hazardous and toxic waste (B3).
A waste is classified as hazardous if it contains B3 hazardous or toxic nature and concentration, either directly or indirectly, damage or pollute the environment or harm the health manusia.Yang including B3 include raw materials that are not hazardous to use again because of damage, waste packaging, spill, residual process and ship used oil that require special handling and processing. These materials include the B3 waste if you have one or more of the following characteristics: explosive, flammable, reactive, toxic, infectious, corrosive, etc., which when tested with known toxicology can include B3 waste.

Kinds of Toxic Waste
• Explosive Waste is waste through chemical reactions can produce gas with high temperature and pressure which can quickly damage the environment.
• Combustible waste is waste when adjacent to the fire, sparks, friction or other ignition sources or flammable will burn and when it has been great light will continue to burn for a long time.
• reactive waste is waste that cause a fire due to release or receive oxygen or organic peroxide wastes that are not stable in high temperatures.
• toxic waste is waste that contains toxins that are harmful to humans and the environment. B3 waste may cause death or illness when it enters the body through breathing, skin or mouth.
• The waste is infectious waste or infected laboratory waste containing an infectious agent, such as an amputated human body parts and fluids of the human body with an infection.
• Waste is waste that is corrosive to the skin or cause irritation mengkorosikan steel, which has a pH equal to or less than 2.0 for the acidic waste and greater than 12.5 for alkaline.
B3 Waste Management is a series of activities that include reduction, storage, collection, transportation, utilization, processing and landfilling B3 waste. B3 Waste Management aims to prevent, cope with pollution and environmental damage, restore polluted environmental quality, and increase the capabilities and functions of environmental quality