PLANET

IPA lesson

PLANET

planet taken from the Greek word meaning star Asteres Planetai Castaways. So named because it is different from a normal star, planet from time to time seen wandering (moving) from one constellation to another constellation. The move is (at present) can be understood because the planets orbit around the sun. But in ancient Greece who are not familiar with the concept of heliocentrism, the planet is considered as a representation of the god in the sky. At the moment it is a planet is seven celestial bodies: the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Modern astronomy remove the Sun and Moon from the list because it does not fit the current definition. Previously, the planets in the solar system there are nine, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter / Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. However, on August 26, 2006, scientists agreed to remove Pluto from the list of planets so that the number of planets in the solar system to only 8.

Mercury

Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and the closest to the Sun with 88 days at the time of the revolution. The brightness of the planet ranges between -2 to 5.5 in apparent magnitude, but is not easily seen as its greatest angular separation from the Sun (the most distant range of 28.3 degrees. Mercury can only be seen in morning or evening twilight. Not so much known about Mercury because only one spacecraft to approach the Mariner 10 in 1974 to 1975. Mariner 10 mapped only about 40 to 45 percent of the planet's surface.

Mars
Mars is the fourth closest planet from the Sun. Named after the Roman god of war. However, the planet is also known as the red planet because of the reddish appearance.
Mars environment more hostile to life than the state of Planet Venus. However, the situation is not quite ideal for humans. The air temperature is low enough and the air pressure is low, coupled with the composition of the air, mostly carbon dioxide, causing the man to use the respirator if it wants to stay there. Missions to the red planet, until the end of the 20th century, yet to find traces of life there, despite being very simple.


Earth
Earth is the third planet from the eight planets in the Solar System. Estimated to reach 4.6 billion year age. The distance between the Earth to the Sun is 149.6 million kilometers or 1 AU (UK: astronomical unit). Earth has a layer of air (atmosphere) and the so-called magnetic field (magnetosphere) that protect Earth's surface from the solar wind, ultraviolet light and radiation from space. This air layer surrounds the earth to a height of about 700 kilometers. The air layer is divided into Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere.



Jupiter
Jupiter or Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun after the closest Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
The average distance between Jupiter and the Sun is 778.3 million km. Jupiter is the largest and heaviest planet with a diameter of 14,980 miles and has a mass 318 times the mass of Earth. Planet's rotation period is 9.8 hours, while the period of revolution is 11.86 years.
On the surface of this planet there is a giant red spots. Jupiter atmospheres containing hydrogen (H), helium (He), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3). The upper atmosphere of Jupiter consists of 88-92% hydrogen and 8-12% helium. The temperature at the surface of the planet ranging from-21oC to 140oC. Like the other planets, Jupiter is composed of the elements iron and other heavy elements. Jupiter has 63 satellites, including Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto (Galilean moons).



Saturn
Saturn is a planet in the solar system known as the ringed planet. Saturn is very far distance from the Sun, because that Saturn did not seem very clear from Earth. Saturn evolved in 29.46 years. Every 378 days, Earth, Saturn and the Sun will be in a straight line. Besides evolved, Saturn also rotates in a very short time, ie 10 hours and 14 minutes.
Saturn has a density lower because most of the constituent substances such as gases and liquids. Saturn's core is estimated to consist of solid rock with the atmosphere composed of ammonia and methane gas, it does not allow the existence of life on Saturn.
Saturn's rings are very unique, comprising thousands of rings that surround the planet. Ring-forming material is still unknown. The scientists suggest that the ring was not possible because it is made of solid plates will be destroyed by the centrifugal force. However, there may also be made of the liquid due to the centrifugal force will result in a wave. So far, it is estimated that the most likely form the rings are chunks of ice meteorite.




Uranus
Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun and the largest planet third and fourth heaviest in the Solar System. He was named after the ancient Greek god of the sky Uranus (Οὐρανός) father of Kronos (Saturn) and grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter). Though it is visible to the naked eye like the five classical planets, it was never recognized as a planet by ancient observers because of its dimness and slow orbit. [14] Sir William Herschel announced its discovery on March 13, 1781, expanding the known boundaries of the Solar System to first time in modern history. Uranus is also the first planet discovered using a telescope.



Neptune
Neptune is the farthest planet (eighth) when viewed from the Sun.
Neptune has an average distance to the Sun of 4450 million km. Neptune has a diameter reaching 49,530 miles and has a mass of 17.2 Earth masses. Planet's rotation period is 16.1 days, while the period of revolution is 164.8 years. The form is similar to the moon planet with a surface there is a thin layer of silicate. The composition of this planet is the author of iron and other heavy elements. The planet Neptune has 8 pieces of satellites, including Triton, Proteus, Nereid and Larissa.



Pluto
Pluto (official name: 134 340) is a dwarf planet (dwarf planets) in the Solar System. Prior to August 24, 2006, Pluto's status as a planet and after a measurement, is the smallest planet and the farthest (ninth) from the sun.
On 7 September 2006, the name Pluto was replaced with a number, that is 134 340. This name was given by the Minor Planet Center (MPC), the official organization responsible for collecting data about asteroids and comets in our solar system. [1]
In 1978 Pluto-sized satellite known to have a not so small it was named Charon (diameter 1196 km). Then found again more satellites, Nix and Hydra.